Grandeur Fasteners has a wide range of cold heading capabilities using virtually any cold formable material on the market. Common materials (but not limited to) are alloy steel, aluminum, brass, copper, medium & low carbon steel, nickel alloys & monel, silicon bronze, and stainless steel. Our engineering department is here to help meet your needs and provide you with the best materials and product design available.
Materials for Cold Forming
| Carbon Steel | Low Carbon 0.05 to 0.30% | - Easily Cold Formed - Not Responsive to Heat Treatment - Typically Case Hardened for Wear Resistance |
| Medium Carbon 0.30 to 0.60% | - Lower Carbon, Fairly Easily Cold Formed - Heat Treatable - Best Strength to Cost Ratio |
|
| High Carbon 0.60 to 2.00% | - Rarely Cold Formed | |
| Alloy Steel | Specialty Elements Added to Improve: - Strength - Hardenability - Toughness - Temp Resistance - Corrosion Resistance | - More Difficult to Cold Form - Heat Treatable - Greater End Use Safety Margin - Overall Processing is More Difficult |
| Stainless Steel | 400 Series (Straight Chromium) | - Some More Cold Formable Than Others - Form Similar to Medium/High Alloy Steels - 300 Series More Challenging - Rapid Work Hardening Common - Mainly Fasteners - Poor Tool Life |
| 300 Series (18-8 Stainless) |
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| Alloy Copper | - Copper - Brass - Silicon Bronze | - Good Formability - Increased Strength Proportional to Cold Work - Resistance to Corrosion and Fatigue - Extensively Cold Formed - Anti-microbial Properties |
| Alloy Nickel | M400 | - Not Heat Treatable - Rapid Work Hardening - Good Tensile Strength - Fasteners used in Aerospace, Oil & Gas, Marine, and Chemical Applications |
| K500 |
Carbon Steel Fasteners
| Grade SAE | Grade ISO | Steel | Finished Minimum Strength | Cold Forming Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.8 | Low Carbon 1006 - 1022 | 60 ksi 420 N/mm^2 | 50 -65 ksi 345 – 450 N/mm2 |
| 2 | 5.8 | Low Carbon Medium Carbon Cold Worked | 75 ksi 520 N/mm^2 | 50 – 85 ksi 345 – 600 N/mm2 |
| 5 | 8.8 9.8 10.9 | Medium Carbon 1030 - 1038 | 120 ksi 830 N/mm^2 | 65 -85 ksi 450 – 600 N/mm2 |
| 8 | 12.9 | Alloy 5115,4037,4140, 8620,8740 | 150 – 260 ksi 1040 – 1800 N/mm^2 | 85 – 100 ksi 600 -700 N/mm2 |
Cold Forming Material Processing
| Raw Form | Processing | Wire Coating | Specification | Forming Lubrication | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Steel | Rimmed Capped Semi-Killed Killed Continuous Cast | - Bar Rod Wire - Cleaning/Coating - Annealing - Drawing | - Soaps - Lime/Borax - Zinc Phosphate - Bonderize | - Chemical analysis - Tensile Strength - Coating - Grain - Wire Name | - Solid Film - Petroleum Based Oil - Synthetics |
| Stainless Steel | Ingot | - Bar Rod Wire - Cleaning / Coating - Annealing - Drawing | - Copper Plating - Molybdenum Disulfide - Oxalate - Draw Soaps | - Chemical analysis - Tensile Strength - Coating | - High Grade Steel Extrusion Lube |
| Copper Brass | Bars Continuous Cast | Annealing Drawing | - Soaps, Fats - Mineral Oils | - Chemical Analysis - Tensile Strength - Grain Size - Hardness 1/8, 1/4 | - Water Soluble Soaps, Pastes - Petroleum Based Oil |
| Aluminum | Ingot | Annealing Drawing | - Mineral Oils | - Chemical Analysis - Temper O,H,T | - Petroleum Based Oil |
Typical Tensile Strengths Steels
| AISI TYPE | Tensile (psi) | Tensile (N/mm2) |
|---|---|---|
| 1010 | 53,000 CD | 365.7 |
| 1020 | 61,000 CD | 420.9 |
| 405 | 70,000 ACD | 483.0 |
| 302 HQ | 75,000 ACD | 517.5 |
| Carpenter #10 | 75,000 ACD | 517.5 |
| 430 | 75,000 ACD | 517.5 |
| 5120 | 73,000 | 538.2 |
| 1030 | 76,000 CD | 524.4 |
| 8620 | 78,000 A | 503.7 |
| 410 | 78,000 ACD | 538.2 |
| 3120 | 78,000 | 538.2 |
| 1038 | 83,000 CD | 572.7 |
| 302 | 85,000 ACD | 586.5 |
| 305 | 85,000 ACD | 586.5 |
| 1040 | 85,000 CD | 586.5 |
| 4037 | 85,000 ACD | 586.5 |
| 1541 | 94,000 ACD | 648.6 |
| A286 | 95,000 ACD | 655.5 |
| 4130 | 98,000 ACD | 676.2 |
| 4140 | 102,000 ACD | 703.8 |
| 431 | 110,000 ACD | 759.0 |
A = Annealed, CD = Cold Drawn, ACD = Annealed, Cold Drawn
